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| Plant material, vegetation, or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source, or simply biomass, is one of the recently discovered renewable energy sources. While low cost biomass, such as straw and waste wood, can be easily found, its utilisation is extremely costly for energy production purposes. An EU funded project resulted in producing ethanol and electricity from a cost-effective utilisation of inexpensive biomass material. Ethanol has been used as fuel since the beginning of the century, but efforts for a sustainable ethanol programme failed because of its high cost in production and logistics. However, recent environmental concerns over the use of leaded gasoline renewed interest in ethanol, but in order to compete with gasoline on its own merits, the cost of producing and transporting it must be substantially reduced. Nevertheless, such substantial cost reductions may be possible, if cellulose-based feed-stocks are used. While producers are currently experimenting with units equipped to convert cellulose-based feed-stocks to break down cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugar, further fermented to produce ethanol, conventional processes used are currently expensive. A breakthrough technology has succeeded in co-production of ethanol and electricity from low cost biomass, such as straw, wood, waste wood, waste paper, sugarcane bagasse, domestic waste, wastes from starch processing or other cellulose- based materials. In exploiting this biotechnology, a thermophilic microorganism (AGROL) has been developed for the sugar fermentation and its conversion to ethanol with decreased processing costs. It has also been shown that it has the ability to continuously produce ethanol in cultures for a long period of time without losing its properties. Processing the low cost biomass results in combustible, solid material that has excellent burning properties and low ash content. Consequently, this remaining solid exerts minimum damage to boiler equipme |
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